![]() ![]() While research has not confirmed that this is descriptive of how groups progress, knowing and following these steps can help groups be more effective. Generally, this is accomplished by first being more directive, eventually serving as a coach, and later, once the group is able to assume more power and responsibility for itself, shifting to a delegator. According to this theory, in order to successfully facilitate a group, the leader needs to move through various leadership styles over time. Interestingly enough, just as an individual moves through developmental stages such as childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, so does a group, although in a much shorter period of time. Later he enhanced the model by adding a fifth and final stage, the adjourning phase. Based on his observations of group behavior in a variety of settings, he proposed a four-stage map of group evolution, also known as the forming-storming-norming-performing model (Tuckman, 1965). We will also distinguish groups from teams.įorming, Storming, Norming, and PerformingĪmerican organizational psychologist Bruce Tuckman presented a robust model in 1965 that is still widely used today. We will discuss many different types of formal work groups later on in this chapter. A formal work group is made up of employees who mutually influence and interact regularly with one another on work-related matters. For example, a few people in the company who get together to play tennis on the weekend would be considered an informal group. ![]() ![]() Informal work groups are made up of two or more individuals who are associated with one another in ways not prescribed by the formal organization. In organizations, you may encounter different types of groups. Groups in which members respect one another, feel the desire to contribute to the team, and are capable of coordinating their efforts may have high performance levels, whereas teams characterized by extreme levels of conflict or hostility may demoralize members of the workforce. How groups function in organizations important implications for organizational productivity. What is a group? A group is a collection of individuals who interact with each other such that one person’s actions have an impact on the others. ![]()
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